Jan 28, 2021 23:51
3 yrs ago
45 viewers *
Portuguese term

aparelhamento do Estado

Portuguese to English Social Sciences Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
"As acusações variaram da negligência ao aparelhamento do Estado", a frase está em um artigo científico da área de ciência política

Discussion

Egon Lessa Jan 29, 2021:
@Mark 2 Just wanted to make a last remark: it seems odd to me the statement that "aparelhamento" comes from "putting a fellow communist inside the government", especially because "aparelhamento" has to do with public institutions and being a socialist or affiliated to a communist party in Brazil (and most Latin American countries during the military dictatorships) was illegal for a long time. That is to say they had no way of becoming institutionalized. But I can be wrong and this made me eager to research more.

Hope I made myself comprehensible enough.
Egon Lessa Jan 29, 2021:
@Mark 1 Mark, I'm no historian, so I can't really confirm if "aparelhamento" derives from the communist cells "aparelhos" that were persecuted by the Brazilian military government. But I can say that "aparelhamento" and "partidarização" are similar, but not quite the same, IMO. To me, "aparelhamento" has to do with the State and public institutions. If I were to "aparelhar", let's say, my whole family against my brother, I'd say "influenciar" or "manipular" (even it involved money) them.

But one can "partidarizar" almost anything, in the sense of making that thing a tool for their political party, as you can see here https://folha-online.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/100054815/em-...
This person is accusing other person of using their church to their own political/electoral gain. Almost as they were "politically weaponizing" a church (something that, in theory, should not be partidarizada). The State is always "partidarizado" because there's always political parties on command. And I wouldn't say we use the word "partidarizar" that much in PT-BR.
Mark Robertson Jan 29, 2021:
Aparelhamento / Partidarização I ask, on the basis of the reference I have posted, whether there is any synonymity between Aparelhamento do Estado and Partidarização do Estado? The author of my reference text states that the root word "aparelho" is a reference to militant left wing political organisations, i.e. what we might call political parties.
Oliver Simões Jan 29, 2021:
I agree "Aparelhamento de Estado" has a very negative connotation. I see it related to nepotism, corruption, and clannish politics. Does any of those words ring a bell?
Egon Lessa Jan 29, 2021:
@Muriel Hey Muriel, hope you're doing well. In PT-BR "aparelhamento" is used almost exclusively with a negative connotation. It means someone is trying to use solid, unbiased institutions to their own personal gain. Here are some examples:

https://noticias.uol.com.br/colunas/reinaldo-azevedo/2020/04...

https://opiniao.estadao.com.br/noticias/notas-e-informacoes,...

https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/bolsonaro-aparelhamento-d...

"Aparelhamento" is different from "aparelho". And, in reality, I don't think people would even say "aparelho" in relation to the definition of State Apparatus you have given. We would use "o Estado" or "as instituições" or "a União" or even "aparelho estatal".
Muriel Vasconcellos Jan 29, 2021:
Definition of 'state apparatus' https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/marxism/modul...
"The state apparatus includes "the Government, the Administration, the Army, the Police, the Courts, the Prisons, etc." (Althusser, Lenin 96).
Muriel Vasconcellos Jan 29, 2021:
'State apparatus' is a coined term The asker's context mentions that the context is from a text in political science. The term 'ideological state apparatus' was coined by Louis Althusser in 1969. Though Althusser was a Marxist theorist, its use has become widespread.


Proposed translations

22 mins
Selected

State Rigging

Sugestão: "Election rigging" é um termo bastante utilizado no sentido de manipulação de maneira desonesta. Talvez possa ser utilizado.
Note from asker:
2
Peer comment(s):

neutral Muriel Vasconcellos : I think you have added unintended meaning.
1 hr
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
-1
37 mins

Corporatocracy

O significado desse termo se assemelha muito com o em português de o estado ser controlado por corporações que visam apenas interesses próprios.
Note from asker:
1
Peer comment(s):

neutral Muriel Vasconcellos : I think you have added unintended meaning.
1 hr
disagree ulissescarvalho : Sorry, that's not the idea
1 day 1 hr
Something went wrong...
+3
52 mins

Government takeover by special interest groups

O conceito de aparelhamento do Estado depende da ideologia do definidor.

Para a direita, referia-se a "um local (apartamento ou casa) usado como refúgio por uma célula (grupo de ativistas com ideal e atuação afins) de organização política clandestina e servindo também para a realização de reuniões, guarda de material de propaganda, dinheiro, armas, etc." (Wikipédia) Segundo esta visão, o Estado era “aparelhado” por "grupos organizados de militância esquerdista", colocando-se "um companheiro" em cargos públicos importantes. (Leo Rosa, Jusbrasil) Na verdade, esta é uma visão distorcida porque durante a ditadura no Brasil (1964-1985) os cargos importantes eram ocupados exclusivamente pelos militares e por setores da direita. O sistema era bipartidário sem voto direita para vários cargos eletivos, inclusive para a Presidéncia da República. Existia na época a figura do senador biônico, quem lembra? E obviamente todo um aparato ideológico que vigiava e reprimia os movimentos sociais sob o argumento de que eram "comunistas".

Com o processo de abertura e a redemocratização do país, o conceito de "aparelhamento do Estado" também mudou. Atualmente, o termo "aparelhamento" aplica-se à tomada de controle de órgãos ou setores da administração pública por representantes de grupo de interesses corporativos ou partidários, mediante a ocupação de postos estratégicos das organizações do Estado, de modo a colocá-las a serviço dos interesses do grupo. Este fenômeno se observa praticamente em todas as democracias modernas, em maior ou menor grau. Nos Estados Unidos, a corporação adquiriu o status de "pessoa" com todos os direitos e privilégios advindos da nova definição. O tempo se encarregará de mostrar que o aparelhamento do Estado vai na contramão da democracia, definida como o poder que "emana do povo, pelo povo e para o povo."

Não existe uma tradução simples para o termo em questão. Não é o mesmo que "aparelho do Estado" (State apparatus). O mais próximo seria "government takeover by special interest groups".

government takeover by special interest groups:
https://www.google.com/search?q="government takeover by spec...

Fontes Consultadas:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparelho_(política)
https://leorosa.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/159490743/esquerda-...


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Note added at 55 mins (2021-01-29 00:46:48 GMT)
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Correção:
sem voto direto
Note from asker:
5
Peer comment(s):

neutral Muriel Vasconcellos : I think you have added unintended meaning. The state apparatus includes all the components of government. What you say is valid, but for a different context. This is a political science study.
1 hr
My understanding of "aparelhamento" is more or less in line with our colleague Egon's comments in the Discussion Board, my own research, and personal experience and knowledge of Brazil's history and politics. I laid out the concept in more explicit terms.
agree Mark Robertson
13 hrs
Thank you, Mark.
agree ulissescarvalho : That's the best answer so far, and Egon is absolutely right in the discussion.
1 day 1 hr
Thanks. I agree.
agree Colin Bowles
1 day 11 hrs
Thank you, Colin.
Something went wrong...
+1
1 hr

instrumentalization of the state/government

"State apparatus" é o substantivo "aparelho do Estado". Na frase, vemos o verbo "aparelhar". "Aparelhar" é "to instrumentalize".

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Note added at 1 hr (2021-01-29 00:59:50 GMT)
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Adendo:

Aparelhar, segundo Aulete: Munir(-se) dos recursos necessários para um fim específico, ou para atingir determinado objetivo. (http://www.aulete.com.br/aparelhar)

To instrumentalize, Lexico from Oxford: To make or render (something) instrumental to accomplishing a purpose or result; to use as a means to an end. (https://www.lexico.com/definition/instrumentalize)
Peer comment(s):

agree Tereza Rae
10 hrs
Thank you, Tereza =)
Something went wrong...
+1
1 hr

state apparatus

I posted a reference and was going to agree with the previous suggestion, but then I saw that it was misspelled and that the alternate examples, IMO, didn't apply.

Examples - Google shows more than 1,000,000 hits; here are the top three:

Introduction to Louis Althusser, Module on ISAshttps://www.purdue.edu › marxism › modules › althuss...
**The state apparatus includes "the Government, the Administration, the Army, the Police, the Courts, the Prisons, etc."** (Althusser, Lenin 96). These are the agencies ...

**Repressive State Apparatus** - Oxford Referencehttps://www.oxfordreference.com › view › authority.20...
Quick Reference. (RSA) French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser's concept for what is known in contemporary political discourse as 'hard power', i.e. a form of power that operates by means of violence. It is usually accompanied by what Althusser termed the Ideological State Apparatus, which is a 'soft power' concept.

**ideological state apparatus** | Encyclopedia.comhttps://www.encyclopedia.com › social-sciences › ideol...
ideological state apparatus A term developed by the Marxist theorist Louis Althusser to denote institutions such as education, the churches, family, media, trade unions, and law, which were formally outside state control but which served to transmit the values of the state, to interpellate those individuals affected by ...

Peer comment(s):

agree Mario Freitas :
13 hrs
Thank you, Mario!
agree Bruno Pavesi : definitely this one! :)
17 hrs
Thank you, Bruno!
disagree ulissescarvalho : Sorry, but Egon and Oliveira are right, apparatus is considerably different from aparelhagem. They are different concepts.
1 day 49 mins
Something went wrong...
+1
9 hrs

partisan takeover/hijacking (of government)

https://www.google.com/search?q="partisan takeover"&sxsrf=AL...

https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk02j-wQTyiMHNg2hv5Lr...

It keeps churches from being pawns of big money and restrains the partisan hijacking of our pulpits.
Example sentence:

William Pitt Kellogg was also impeached by the House during a partisan takeover of state government, but his supporters in the Senate didn't

National League of Conservation Voters president Gene Karpinski called her confirmation part of a “partisan takeover of the courts”

Note from asker:
4
Peer comment(s):

agree Colin Bowles
1 day 3 hrs
Thank you, Colin!
Something went wrong...

Reference comments

1 hr
Reference:

state apparatus

It's part of a Wikipedia entry.


Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses -
A state apparatus cannot be exclusively repressive or exclusively ideological. The distinction between an RSA and an ISA is its primary function in society, respectively, the administration of violent repression and the dissemination of ideology.
Note from asker:
2
Something went wrong...
8 hrs
Reference:

Aparelhamento do estado

Que as práticas políticas brasileiras sempre foram atravessadas por dinheiro, todo mundo sabe, mas era investimento privado. O que a esquerda no poder faz é corromper com dinheiro público.

O Estado foi “aparelhado”. “Aparelho” era o nome dado aos grupos organizados de militância esquerdista. Aparelhar o Estado significa colocar um “companheiro” em cargos públicos importantes. Esse “companheiro” tem uma tarefa: ser “dialético”, ou seja: deve se virar e arranjar dinheiro pra máquina partidária.
Peer comments on this reference comment:

neutral Muriel Vasconcellos : But this is a different context. It's a text in the field of political science and it's referring to the concept I proposed.
12 hrs
Something went wrong...
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